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Human as a being of the centre and a modest commentary of Herder's philosophy
Vostárek, Adam ; Chavalka, Jakub (advisor) ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (referee)
Main goal of this work is to mediate an approach for czech reader to almost forgotten philosophy of Johann Gottfried von Herder, who published his books in the 18. century. This student of I. Kant is absolutely someone, who should not be eliminated from a group of authors who determined enlightement thinking. It is not just coincidence that Goethe himself called Herder as Brother Humanus. The exact term of humanity is rightful goal of my interpretation. Why? Because humanity is a fundamental basic term of whole Herder's philosophy. This work claims to analyze two main works of this philosopher, Essay on the origin of language and The Evolution of Humanity, which is the czech translate of his Ideas for the philosophy of humanity. And we will analyze this two texts in a way, which shall show us the interconnections between them. The we will move into synthetic chapter called Herder's concept of humanity. There I will put the previous interpretation into confrontation with more of Herder's books and I will show what humanity means to Herder and why is it so central term for his whole philosophy. Key words: Herder, humanity, language
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Herder's philosophy of culture. Herder and the German Enlightenment
Bojda, Martin ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (referee)
This paper tries to provide an interpretation of the concept of culture in the work of one of German Enlightenment's most versatile personalities: Johann Gottfried Herder. The emphasis will be placed on this concept within the framework of a new interpretation of the historicity and essence of language as a medium of knowledge, understanding and communication, leading towards an examination of Herder's contribution to the philosophy of language and processuality as the basis of a project of an universal, but immanently historical anthropology. Furthermore, we will introduce Herder's integration of the enlightened rationality and classical metaphysics as expressed in his aesthetics and poetry. We also will reconstruct the foundations and future influence of Herder's linking of universalist humanism with the new awareness of the national and social determination of being. Namely, being as something actively and freely appropriated in an integrated manner that is however not arbitrary. Key words: Herder, Enlightenment, culture, philosophy of language
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